Case 081Option strategies and trade ideasCore
A stock at 400 should drift to 420 to 440 over two months, not beyond. Buy the 400 call at 14, buy the 400/440 call spread at 10, or sell the 380 put at 6? Pick one.
1The situation
Ardhanvi Foods trades at Rs 400. Your view, built on a pricing round that is already announced and a weak base in the last quarter, is that the stock drifts up to Rs 420 to 440 over the next two months. You do not expect a move beyond 440, and you see little chance of a sharp fall.
Two-month quotes: the 400 call at Rs 14, the 440 call at Rs 4, and the 380 put at Rs 6. The three candidates are buying the 400 call, buying the 400/440 call spread for a net Rs 10, and selling the 380 put.
2Your task
Compare the three structures across the range you expect and outside it, then choose one and defend the choice.
Quick check
Before working it: if the stock finishes at 430, which structure earns the most per rupee of premium paid?
Worked solution
Try it on paper, then open one step at a time.
30-second answerThe answer to give first
Buy the 400/440 call spread. It costs Rs 10, breaks even at 410 and pays Rs 10 to 30 across the 420 to 440 range you expect, against Rs 6 to 26 for the outright call that costs 14 and needs 414 to break even. The only thing the spread gives up is profit above 440, which the view says will not happen. The short put earns a fixed 6 and carries an open-ended loss for a fall the view does not price.
Step 1What does the view actually say, and what is each structure paying for?
A view has three parts: direction, size and timing. Here they are up, 5% to 10%, within two months. The outright call pays Rs 14 for every possible rally, including the one to 500 that you do not forecast, and that extra coverage is why its breakeven sits at 414. The call spread sells the 440 call for 4 to fund part of the 400 call, which trims the cost to 10 and the breakeven to 410, in exchange for capping the gain at Rs 30. The short put is a different animal: it earns 6 if the stock does anything but fall below 374, and its loss grows one for one below that. It is a bet that nothing bad happens, not a bet that the rally arrives. A tenant renting a room for exactly two months does not sign a year's lease because it might be convenient.
Step 2How do the numbers compare inside and outside the range?
| Stock at expiry | Long 400 call, cost 14 | 400/440 call spread, cost 10 | Short 380 put, earns 6 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rs 360 | -14 | -10 | -14 |
| Rs 380 | -14 | -10 | +6 |
| Rs 400 | -14 | -10 | +6 |
| Rs 420 | +6 | +10 | +6 |
| Rs 430 | +16 | +20 | +6 |
| Rs 440 | +26 | +30 | +6 |
| Rs 460 | +46 | +30 | +6 |
| Worst case | -14 | -10 | -374 |
Read the 420 to 440 rows and the 460 row together. Inside the range the spread earns Rs 10 to 30 against the call's 6 to 26, and it does so on less premium. Only above 444, where 30 minus 10 equals the call's gain less 14, does the outright call pull ahead, and the view says it does not go there. The breakevenThe stock price at expiry where the structure neither makes nor loses money after its premium. tells the same story in one number each: 414 for the call, 410 for the spread, 374 for the put. A spread that breaks even at 410 on a view that starts at 420 has a margin of safety the call does not.
Step 3Why not just sell the put and collect the premium?
Because the structure must match the shape of the view, and the short put's payoff has the wrong shape. It earns the same Rs 6 whether the stock finishes at 400 or 440, so it does not pay you for being right about the rally, and it loses without limit if you are wrong about the floor. A short put is the right trade for a view that says the stock will not fall, in a name you would be content to own at 374. That is a different view from the one on the table. Say the limitation too: the spread's cap is real, and if the pricing round surprises on the upside you will have sold the 440 call for 4 and watched it finish at 25. The question is whether the view earns that risk, and here it does not.
In an interview, state the pick and the one condition that would change it. Call spread, because the view is capped; switch to the outright call if the catalyst could produce a much larger move than expected; sell the put only if the view is really about the downside. That shows you are choosing on the view, not on which structure sounds clever.
Where candidates lose it
The common loss is choosing the call because it has unlimited upside. Paying for upside the view excludes is paying for nothing; the extra Rs 4 of premium raises the breakeven and lowers the gain across the whole expected range.
The second is choosing the short put because it brings money in. It earns a fixed 6 regardless of the rally and risks a loss the view never priced. Premium received is not a free lunch.
What the interviewer asks next
- How does the choice change if implied volatility is very high across all three options?
- What is the maximum loss and the maximum gain of a 400/440 call spread combined with a short 380 put?
- The stock is at 436 with two weeks left. What is the spread worth, and would you take profit?
- Why might the 440 call be priced at only 4 when the 400 call is 14?
Asked at Old Mission Capital, Prop Trading, Chicago, 2025 (Wall Street Oasis): options strategy (which options or combinations of options to buy when)
Company names and figures are illustrative.
