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056

Case 056Growth equity and softwareWarm up

Explain a company we should invest in: a modular kitchen maker growing 25% with a 45% gross margin and four months of orders. Give the thesis and the two diligence questions that would decide it.

General Atlanticnew york · 2022

1The situation

Nirmiti Modular Kitchens designs, makes and installs fitted kitchens through 40 company-run showrooms in six cities, with 8 more opening this year. Revenue is Rs 250 crore, growing 25% a year. Gross margin after materials and installation labour is 45%, and EBITDA margin is 12%, Rs 30 crore. Customers pay 50% on order and 50% on installation, and the order book stands at four months of revenue.

A growth fund is considering a minority stake to fund showrooms and a second factory. You have five minutes to explain why this is worth the fund's time and what you would need to find out.

2Your task

Give the investment thesis in three claims, and name the two diligence questions whose answers would decide whether to invest.

Quick check

The order book is four months of this year's revenue. If growth is 25%, how many months of next year's revenue does it cover?

Worked solution

Try it on paper, then open one step at a time.

30-second answerThe answer to give first

The thesis is a category shift from carpenter-built to modular kitchens, captured by a brand whose 45% gross margin shows pricing power, with four months of paid orders proving demand is ahead of capacity. Rs 250 crore growing 25% with Rs 30 crore of EBITDA can fund showrooms from its own cash and customer deposits. The two questions that decide it: how much of the 25% is same-showroom growth rather than new openings, and whether the Rs 83 crore order book converts to invoices on time or is an installation bottleneck.

Step 1How do you turn three numbers into a thesis?

Each number is a claim about the world, so say the claim, not the number. Think of recommending a restaurant: full tables say demand, the bill says pricing power, a queue says people wait for it rather than go elsewhere. 25% growth says the category is moving from carpenters to factory-made kitchens; a 45% gross margin says customers pay for the brand rather than the plywood; four months of half-paid orders says demand is ahead of what Nirmiti can install. Three claims, each with a number behind it, is a thesis an investment committee can argue with. A list of adjectives is not.

Step 2Why is the growth claim the first thing to test?

Because 25% can come from two very different places. If 8 new showrooms on a base of 40 each sell at the average Rs 6.25 crore, openings alone add 20%, and same-showroom growth is only about 5%. That is still a fine business, but it is a rollout, where the fund is paying for capital expenditure, rather than a brand gaining share, where the fund is paying for demand. The test is sales by showroom and by vintage over three years, which any company with a till can produce. Same-store growthRevenue growth from outlets open for more than a year, which strips out the effect of new openings. above 10% would confirm the category claim; growth near zero would say the showrooms are cannibalising each other.

Step 3Why does the order book deserve the second question rather than the margin?

Because it can mean opposite things. Rs 83 crore of orders is either demand the factory cannot serve, which is the thesis, or installations running four months late, which is the risk, and the same number describes both. Order age, cancellation rate and days from order to installation separate them in an afternoon with the order ledger. The margin claim matters, but a 45% gross margin after installation labour is already a strong number; the question there is whether dealer channels or the second factory dilute it, which is a forecast rather than a fact you can check today.

Every claim in the pitch comes with the test that would prove itThe claimThe testThe evidence to ask forCategory shifts fromcarpenters to modular;25% growth continuesSplit growth: sameshowrooms against8 new ones this yearSales by showroomand vintage, 3 yearsBrand pricing power:45% gross marginholds at scaleMargin by channelafter dealer andinstallation costGross margin bridge,retail against dealerDemand ahead of supply:4 months of orders,Rs 83 croreOrder age, cancelrate, delivery days,conversion to invoiceOrder ledger withcancellations, 24 monthsThe two questions that decide the investment
Each of the three claims in the Nirmiti pitch is paired with the test it must pass and the evidence that settles it: showroom sales by vintage for the category claim, a margin bridge by channel for the pricing claim, and the order ledger with cancellations for the demand claim, with the first and third being the questions that decide the investment.
ClaimNumber behind itWhat would confirm itWhat would break it
Category shift25% growthSame-showroom growth above 10%Growth entirely from openings
Pricing power45% gross marginMargin flat as dealers are addedDiscounting to fill the order book
Demand ahead of supplyRs 83 crore of ordersOrders under 90 days old, low cancellationsInstallation delays, rising cancellations
Each claim in the pitch has a number behind it and a specific result that would confirm or break it, so the diligence plan writes itself from the thesis rather than from a generic checklist.
Step 4How do you close in five minutes?

With the shape of the deal and what you would pay for. Nirmiti needs growth capital for showrooms and a factory, customers fund working capital with deposits, and Rs 30 crore of EBITDA means the business is not burning cash, so the fund is buying growth, not survival. Say what you do not know: whether the margin holds in a dealer channel, and whether management can open 8 showrooms a year without the quality that justifies the price slipping. A pitch that ends by naming its own open questions sounds like an investor; one that ends with a flourish sounds like a salesperson.

Where candidates lose it

The usual loss is reciting the three numbers as if they were the thesis. 25%, 45% and four months are evidence; the thesis is the claim each one supports, and the interviewer wants to hear the claims.

The second is a diligence list with ten items on it. Two questions that could each kill the deal show judgement; ten generic ones show a checklist. Pick the two whose answers would change your mind.

What the interviewer asks next

  • Same-showroom growth turns out to be 4%. Does the thesis survive?
  • Management wants to add a dealer channel at a 35% gross margin. How do you think about it?
  • What does a four-month order book do to working capital, and is that a strength or a risk?
  • Which single metric would you put in the monthly board pack?

Asked at General Atlantic, Growth Equity, new york, 2022 (Wall Street Oasis): Explain a company that we should invest in.

← Case 055On-the-spot special situations case: a parts maker with collapsed EBITDA is bought at 5x. If EBITDA recovers by year 3 and the exit is at 6x, what are the MOIC and IRR, and what must the recovery thesis get right?Case 057 →How much would you pay for a school group? EBITDA Rs 90 crore growing 10%, 4.5x debt, a 11x exit in year 5, and a fund that needs 22%. Find the maximum entry multiple.

Company names and figures are illustrative.

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