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076

Case 076Company pitchCore

Pitch Ruvaan Farmlink, a seed-stage farm-input marketplace raising Rs 12 crore at Rs 60 crore post-money. Why do you like the company and its industry, and what exit does a 10x on this cheque need if later rounds dilute the fund by 40%?

Insight PartnersNew York · 2023

1The situation

Ruvaan Farmlink sells seed, fertiliser and crop protection to farmers in Maharashtra through an app and a network of district hubs. A farmer orders on the phone, pays online or on delivery, and a van drops the order at the village. Ruvaan does not hold stock: it takes a commission from input makers and distributors on every order it routes.

Last year Ruvaan put Rs 18 crore of gross merchandise value (GMV) through the app at a 9% take rate. It served 4,200 farmers, and 62% of them ordered again in the next season. Contribution after delivery and payment costs is 3% of GMV. It is raising Rs 12 crore at a Rs 60 crore post-money valuation. Your fund expects later rounds to dilute its stake by 40% before any exit.

2Your task

Pitch the company in three minutes: why this company, why this industry, and what exit a 10x return on the Rs 12 crore cheque would need.

Quick check

Before any maths: what exit value does a 10x on this cheque need?

Worked solution

Try it on paper, then open one step at a time.

30-second answerThe answer to give first

The case for Ruvaan is a repeat, need-based spend with a broken distribution chain, and 62% reorder proves farmers value the fix. The cheque buys 20%, diluted to 12% by exit, so 10x needs a Rs 1,000 crore exit. At 10x revenue that is about Rs 1,111 crore of GMV, 62 times today. The pitch works only if you can argue that path and the thin 3% contribution widens with scale.

Step 1What shape should a three-minute pitch take?

Think of a friend asking you to put money into their tea stall. You would want to know what problem it solves, why it can work now, how many people will buy, whether each cup makes money, and how you get your money back. A venture pitch is those five questions in that order, and the last one is the one most candidates never reach. Interviewers who ask why you like a startup and its industry are listening for the industry reason first, then the company's evidence, then the return arithmetic.

A pitch in five boxes: the last one decides whether the first four matterProblemSeed, fertiliser and pesticide reach the village through layers of dealers.Prices differ shop to shop and farmers cannot easily check what is genuine.Why nowFarmers now order and pay on a phone, so one district hub and a vanroute can replace a dealer counter in every village.MarketInputs are bought every season by every farmer: a repeat, need-based spend.Today 4,200 farmers buy about Rs 42,857 of inputs each a year.Economics9% take rate on Rs 18 crore of GMV: Rs 1.62 crore of revenue. 62% reordered.Contribution 3% of GMV, Rs 54 lakh: positive per order, but thin.Return pathRs 12 crore at Rs 60 crore post buys 20%; 40% dilution leaves 12% at exit.10x is Rs 120 crore, so the exit must be Rs 120 / 12% = Rs 1,000 crore.
Ruvaan's pitch runs problem, why now, market, economics and return path, and the return path shows that Rs 12 crore for 20%, diluted to 12%, needs a Rs 1,000 crore exit to return 10x.
Step 2Why is this an industry worth liking?

Farm inputs are bought every season by every farmer, whatever the price of the crop. That makes the spend repeat and need-based, the opposite of a discretionary purchase. The industry reason is the chain between maker and farmer: several layers of dealers, each taking a margin, with prices that differ shop to shop and genuineness hard to check. A marketplace that cuts a layer can share the saving with the farmer and still earn its 9%. The take rateThe share of each order value a marketplace keeps as its revenue, here 9 paise of every rupee of GMV. is how Ruvaan gets paid for that.

Step 3What does the company's own data prove, and what does it not?

Start with the reorder rate. 62% of farmers ordering again next season is the strongest number in the deck, because a farmer who got fake seed or a late delivery does not come back. GMV of Rs 18 crore over 4,200 farmers is about Rs 42,857 each a year, a real share of a small farmer's input spend. What it does not prove is profit: contribution of 3% of GMV is Rs 54 lakh a year, before any salaries or hubs. The business makes money on each order but not yet on the company. Say that plainly; it earns more trust than a pitch that hides it.

Step 4What exit does a 10x on this cheque actually need?

Rs 12 crore at Rs 60 crore post-money buys 20%. Later rounds cut that by 40%, to 12%. A 10x return is Rs 120 crore of proceeds. Rs 120 crore is 12% of Rs 1,000 crore, so the company must be worth Rs 1,000 crore at exit, not the Rs 600 crore that ten times the post-money suggests.

The relationship
Exit value=10×121260×(1−0.40)=1200.12=1,000\text{Exit value} = \frac{10 \times 12}{\tfrac{12}{60} \times (1 - 0.40)} = \frac{120}{0.12} = 1{,}000
10 x 12the target proceeds, ten times the Rs 12 crore cheque
12/60entry ownership, 20%
1 - 0.40the share of the stake left after later rounds
What it says in wordsThe exit value needed is the proceeds you want divided by the share of the company you will still own at the end.

Now make that number physical. If a buyer paid 10x revenue, Ruvaan would need Rs 100 crore of revenue, which at a 9% take rate is about Rs 1,111 crore of GMV. That is 62 times today's GMV, or about 2.6 lakh farmers at today's spend each. The 10x multiple of revenue is an assumption you state, not a fact; the point is the order of magnitude.

What a Rs 1,000 crore exit asks the business to becomeExit valueRs 1,000 cr10x on a 12% stakeRevenueRs 100 crat 10x revenueGMVRs 1,111 crat a 9% take rateFarmers2.6 lakhat Rs 42,900 eachGMV, Rs crore, on one scaleTodayRs 18 croreNeededRs 1,111 croreThe pitch has to defend a 62x rise in GMV, not a 10x return on the cheque
Working back from a Rs 1,000 crore exit at 10x revenue, Ruvaan needs Rs 100 crore of revenue, about Rs 1,111 crore of GMV and roughly 2.6 lakh farmers, so today's Rs 18 crore of GMV must grow about 62 times.
Step 5How do you close the pitch?

Close with the view and its condition. The entry price is about 37x current revenue, which is only defensible at seed if the growth path is believable. A strong close says: the problem is real and repeat, farmers are proving it by reordering, and the investment works if Ruvaan can move from one state to several without the 3% contribution shrinking. Then name the one number you would check next: contribution per order in the newest district against the oldest. If newer districts start thinner and widen with density, the model scales; if they stay at 3% or below, the Rs 1,000 crore exit is out of reach.

Where candidates lose it

Candidates spend the three minutes on the farmer's story and never get to the return. The question says why you like the company and its industry, but the partner is really asking whether you know what the cheque needs to become.

The second loss is dividing the target by today's 20% and ignoring dilution. That gives a Rs 600 crore exit and understates the bar by 40%.

What the interviewer asks next

  • Later rounds dilute the fund by 55% instead of 40%. What exit does 10x need now? (About Rs 1,333 crore.)
  • Ruvaan wants to hold stock to earn a trading margin instead of a 9% commission. What changes in your pitch?
  • Which single metric would you track monthly after investing, and why?
  • How would you size the market for farm inputs in Maharashtra from the bottom up?

Asked at Insight Partners, Leveraged Buyouts, New York, 2023 (Wall Street Oasis): I was asked to pitch an early-stage startup that I was interested in and why I like the startup/ industry

← Case 075From four quarters of Tessavik Cloud's numbers, compute the latest magic number, CAC payback and burn multiple, and say which is weakest.Case 077 →Dhaarvik Infratech is offered its Rs 4,000 crore pre-money headline only with a 1.5x liquidation preference and an IPO ratchet that guarantees the fund a 20% IRR. What do the fund and the founders get if the year-four IPO values the company at Rs 3,500, Rs 5,000 or Rs 10,000 crore?

Company names and figures are illustrative.

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