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018

Case 018Down rounds, distress and runwayCore

Tiffinvik Meals has Rs 36 crore of cash and loses money every month, but revenue grows 6% a month. Is it default alive, and what is the slowest growth that keeps it alive?

1The situation

Tiffinvik Meals delivers home-style lunch boxes to office workers on monthly subscriptions. It has Rs 36 crore of cash. Revenue is Rs 5 crore a month and growing 6% a month. Gross margin is 40%, so this month it earns Rs 2 crore of gross profit. Fixed costs, mostly kitchens and staff, are Rs 4 crore a month and rising 1% a month.

A company is called default alive if, with no new money and on its current trajectory, it reaches profitability before its cash runs out. Assume the growth rates hold, the margin is constant, and each month's profit or loss changes cash one for one.

2Your task

Is Tiffinvik default alive? In which month does it break even, how low does its cash go, and what is the minimum monthly growth rate that keeps it alive?

Quick check

Gross profit grows about 6% a month and fixed costs 1%. Roughly when does Tiffinvik break even?

Worked solution

Try it on paper, then open one step at a time.

30-second answerThe answer to give first

Tiffinvik is default alive: it breaks even in month 15 and its cash bottoms out at about Rs 20.2 crore. Gross profit grows about 5% a month faster than fixed costs, so the Rs 2 crore monthly loss closes in about fourteen months, burning Rs 15.8 crore. The minimum growth that keeps it alive is about 3.4% a month; below that the cash runs out before the losses end.

Step 1What does default alive mean, and why ask it?

A student living on savings while starting a part-time job asks one question: will my pay cover my rent before my savings run out? If yes, she can stop worrying about borrowing. A startup is default alive when, with no new money, its profits arrive before its cash is gone; it is default dead when it needs another round just to survive. The distinction matters because a default-dead company raises from weakness and accepts whatever terms are offered.

Step 2When does Tiffinvik break even, and how much cash does it burn first?

Today gross profit is 40% of Rs 5 crore, Rs 2 crore, against Rs 4 crore of fixed costs: a Rs 2 crore loss. Gross profit grows 6% a month and fixed costs 1%, so the gap closes at about 5% a month. Break-even arrives when gross profit has doubled relative to fixed costs: month 14.3 exactly, so the first profitable month is month 15. By then monthly revenue is about Rs 12.0 crore.

The relationship
0.40×5×1.06t=4×1.01t⇒t=ln⁡2ln⁡(1.06/1.01)≈14.3 months0.40 \times 5 \times 1.06^{t} = 4 \times 1.01^{t} \quad\Rightarrow\quad t = \frac{\ln 2}{\ln (1.06/1.01)} \approx 14.3 \text{ months}
0.40 x 5gross profit this month, Rs crore
4fixed costs this month, Rs crore
1.06, 1.01monthly growth of revenue and of fixed costs
What it says in wordsBreak-even is the month in which gross profit, growing faster, finally catches up with fixed costs.

The losses shrink every month on the way, so the total burn is much less than fourteen months of today's Rs 2 crore loss. Adding the monthly losses, cash falls from Rs 36 crore to a low of Rs 20.2 crore. Tiffinvik spends about Rs 15.8 crore to reach profit and keeps more than half of its cash, so on these assumptions it never needs to raise again.

Cash left each month: default alive at 6% growth, Rs crore1020304006% a month: break-even month 15, cash low Rs 20.2 cr3.37% a month: cash hits zero, month 30010203040Months from today
At 6% monthly growth Tiffinvik's cash falls from Rs 36 crore to about Rs 20.2 crore before profits turn it up in month 15, while at the minimum growth of about 3.4% a month the cash touches zero just as the business breaks even.
Step 3What is the minimum growth that keeps it alive?

Slower growth delays break-even and lengthens the stretch of losses, so the burn grows fast as growth falls. At 4% a month the business breaks even in month 24 and its cash bottoms out at Rs 8.3 crore. Solving for the rate at which the lowest cash balance is exactly zero gives about 3.37% a month, about 49% a year; below that Tiffinvik is default dead. Today's 6% a month is 101% a year, so the cushion is real but not huge: a fall of about two and a half points a month in growth would use all of it.

Then say what the model leaves out. Growth of 6% a month for over a year is rare in food delivery, and it usually needs marketing that the fixed-cost line may not include. A margin that dips as the company discounts to grow, or a kitchen expansion that steps fixed costs up, moves the answer quickly. The view: on its own numbers Tiffinvik is default alive with room to spare, and the diligence work is to test whether 6% a month can hold without spending that is missing from the plan.

Where candidates lose it

The usual loss is dividing Rs 36 crore by today's Rs 2 crore loss, calling it eighteen months of runway, and comparing that with a fourteen-month path to break-even. The losses shrink every month, so the real burn is far smaller and the margin of safety far larger.

The second is forgetting that fixed costs grow too. Treating Rs 4 crore as constant brings break-even forward by more than two months and makes the business look safer than it is.

What the interviewer asks next

  • Gross margin falls to 35% while growth stays at 6%. Is Tiffinvik still default alive?
  • The founders want to open two kitchens that add Rs 1 crore of fixed cost a month from month 3. What happens?
  • Why might an investor prefer a default-alive company growing 4% a month to a default-dead one growing 8%?
← Case 017Swasthvik Clinics sells a Rs 999 a month family health membership. What does each member contribute, what is a member worth over their lifetime, and at what level of usage does the model fail?Case 019 →Vanshvik Family Office committed Rs 50 crore to a venture fund. Given the capital calls, distributions and reported NAVs, draw its J-curve and compute DPI, TVPI and IRR at years 5, 8 and 10.

Company names and figures are illustrative.

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