Case 072Unit economicsWarm up
Sudharvik Home Services earns 22% of every job and wants to cut it to 18% to stop partners leaving. Compute the contribution per job at both take rates and say what the cut really costs.
1The situation
Sudharvik Home Services is a marketplace that connects households to electricians, plumbers and cleaners. The average job is Rs 1,200. The platform keeps a 22% take rate and pays the partner the rest. On each job it also gives the customer an Rs 80 discount, pays the partner a Rs 60 incentive for accepting the booking quickly, and spends Rs 40 on payment fees and customer support.
Partners have started leaving for a rival that charges them less. The operations head proposes cutting the take rate to 18%. Fixed costs, for the breakeven question, are an illustrative Rs 2 crore a month.
2Your task
What is the contribution per job at a 22% and an 18% take rate, and what should the founders weigh before approving the cut?
Quick check
Cutting the take rate from 22% to 18% reduces the platform's take by Rs 48 a job. What does it do to contribution?
Worked solution
Try it on paper, then open one step at a time.
30-second answerThe answer to give first
At a 22% take the platform keeps Rs 84 of a Rs 1,200 job after its Rs 180 of per-job costs; at 18% it keeps Rs 36, a fall of 57%. The partner's income rises by Rs 48, 4.8%, on every job, including the ones from partners who were never going to leave. On Rs 2 crore of monthly fixed costs the breakeven moves from about 2.4 lakh jobs a month to 5.6 lakh. The founders should price the cut against cheaper ways of keeping partners before approving it.
Step 1What does the platform actually keep from a job?
A fruit seller who buys mangoes at Rs 100 a dozen and sells at Rs 120 has Rs 20 of margin, but if the auto to the market costs Rs 15 per dozen, the margin that pays his rent is Rs 5, and a Rs 4 price cut wipes out most of it. Contribution per job is the take less every cost that happens because the job happened, and here that is Rs 264 less Rs 180, Rs 84, or 7.0% of the job value. The Rs 80 discount, Rs 60 incentive and Rs 40 of payment and support are all paid per job, so they belong in this line, not in fixed costs. The 22% headline take rateThe share of a transaction a marketplace keeps as its own revenue, before any costs; the rest goes to the supplier. is revenue, not margin.
Step 2What happens to that number at 18%?
The take falls from Rs 264 to Rs 216, Rs 48 less, and nothing on the cost side moves with it. Rs 216 less Rs 180 leaves Rs 36, so a four-point cut in the take rate removes 57% of the contribution, from 7.0% of the job to 3.0%. The asymmetry is the whole lesson: the partner's take-home rises from Rs 996 to Rs 1044, a 4.8% raise, while the platform loses more than half of what it kept. The cut would have to retain a great many partners to be worth that.
| Per job, Rs | Take 22% | Take 18% |
|---|---|---|
| Take on a Rs 1,200 job | 264 | 216 |
| Customer discount | (80) | (80) |
| Partner incentive | (60) | (60) |
| Payment and support | (40) | (40) |
| Contribution | 84 | 36 |
| Contribution margin on the job | 7.0% | 3.0% |
| Partner's take-home incl. incentive | 996 | 1044 |
| Jobs a month to cover Rs 2 crore fixed | 2,38,095 | 5,55,556 |
Step 3What should the founders weigh before approving it?
Three questions. First, how many partners are really leaving, and are they the busy ones? If only 30% of jobs are done by partners at risk, a cut aimed at them alone costs Rs 14.4 a job on average and leaves Rs 69.6 of contribution, against Rs 36 for a cut given to everyone. Second, is there a cheaper rupee? Cutting the customer discount from Rs 80 to Rs 32 would pay for the whole take cut, if customers keep booking at a smaller discount. Third, what is the floor: contribution reaches zero at a 15% take, so 18% leaves Rs 36 of room for any further pressure, and a rival at 15% could not keep that up on these costs either. The limitation: this is one average job; a Rs 3,000 electrical repair and a Rs 600 cleaning have very different contributions, and partner churn will differ by category too.
Where candidates lose it
The common miss is treating the take rate as the margin and calling a four-point cut an 18% loss. The per-job costs do not shrink with the take, so the cut lands entirely on the Rs 84 that was left and removes more than half of it.
The second is approving or rejecting the cut without an alternative. The interviewer wants the cheaper options priced: a targeted cut, a smaller customer discount, or a smaller incentive, each of which keeps partners for less than Rs 48 a job.
What the interviewer asks next
- The rival charges partners 15%. What contribution would Sudharvik have at 15%, and could the rival sustain it?
- How would you measure whether the 18% take actually reduced partner churn?
- Would you rather cut the take rate or the customer discount, and what data decides it?
Company names and figures are illustrative.
